Validating AASHTO PP-84 Paste Volume Limits for Shrinkage Mitigation in UDOT Concrete Mixes
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2024-05-01
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:This document presents the findings of an experimental study to evaluate the effect of the paste volume on the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) approved concrete mixtures. The AASHTO PP-84-17 provisional specification limits the maximum paste volume to 25%, while the selected UDOT approved mixtures have paste volume over 27%. The selected mixtures and the modified mixtures, with reduced paste volume, are studied to quantify the effect of such reduction on volume stability, shrinkage cracking, fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete. The finding of this research project concludes that at 25% paste volume, the mixtures retain sufficient plasticity. At this limit, the air content, compressive strength, and static modulus of elasticity of the concrete are also comparable to the approved mixtures. The unit weight of the concrete mixtures increases as the paste volume decreases. Irrespective of paste volume, the approved and modified mixtures demonstrate low to very low chloride ion penetrability. At the 25% paste volume, the shrinkage of the mixtures is significantly less compared to the control mixtures with higher paste volume. However, further reduction of paste volume negatively affects some of the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete, such as, workability and compressive strength. In conclusion, based on the findings of this study, the reduction of paste volume of the UDOT-approved mixtures following the AASHTO PP-84 limits is recommended.
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