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Fixed Fire Fighting and Emergency Ventilation Systems for Highway Tunnels – Research Report
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2023-10-01
[PDF-4.77 MB]
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Abstract:The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has conducted research into the use of fixed firefighting systems (FFFS) in road tunnels. The objective was to consider the operational integration of highway tunnel emergency ventilation systems (EVS) with installed fixed firefighting systems (FFFS). This report is the summary report, which brings together findings from the earlier reports. The research found that the FFFS operation can improve the longitudinal EVS performance through cooling of the combustion products. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed to examine FFFS and EVS integration, using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) (a freely available CFD software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology). It was found that FDS models tended to over predict critical velocity and backlayering under longitudinal ventilation, and that grid independence could not be achieved for the mesh resolutions used. FDS models were able to replicate the observed beneficial effects of FFFS operation for the EVS. Suggested practices for FFFS and EVS integration are provided.
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