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Criteria for Designing Lightweight Concrete Bridges
The state of the art pertaining to the use of lightweight concrete in the design, construction, and maintenance of bridges, is presented in this report. It includes a review of the history of the development of lightweight concrete, its properties and limitations, and its production. It evaluates the performance and experience of 12 selected study cases from visits and visual inspect ion, and reports on the current policies and practices in several states in the use of lightweight concrete. Analytical study is conducted to develop data on material economics for lightweight and normal-weight concretes in various applications. The report concludes with a list of the findings as a result of this effort, and recommends future actions. It also includes references and bibliography, and provides guide specifications and field control procedures for the benefit of potential users of lightweight concrete.
Tub girders, as closed-section structures, provide a more efficient cross section for resisting torsion than I-girders, which is especially important ...
Tub girders are often selected over I-girders because of their pleasing appearance offering a smooth, uninterrupted, cross section. Bracing, web stiff...
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