United States Department of Transportation
i
Hammer Time: Using the Schmidt Hammer to Improve the Forecasting Accuracy of the Rockfall Activity Index (RAI) [supporting dataset]
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2023-12-06
[JSON-3.53 KB]
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Alternative Title:Hammer Time: Using the Schmidt Hammer to Improve the Rockfall Activity Index (RAI) Forecasting Accuracy
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Abstract:The Schmidt hammer is a widely used and inexpensive instrument for estimating rock strength either in the lab or in the field. Our research team tested the accuracy and repeatability of the Schmidt hammer to estimate rock strength on six Alaskan rock slopes and four Washington/Oregon rock slopes. We determined in situ rock hardness by using two different Schmidt hammers (Types L and N); conducted unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing for select Alaskan rock samples; and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of using the Schmidt hammer in the field. Parameters that potentially affect Schmidt hammer results include testing methodology, sample testing conditions, and data reduction. Our results indicated that major structures within a rock unit (such as bedding or foliation), variation in mineralogy, and moisture content will significantly affect Schmidt hammer results. After data collection, several correction methods can be used to process the Schmidt hammer results. The choice of method depends on the intent of the measurements (i.e., strength of the intact rock or the rock mass), and the application of any method can alter the final results. Our UCS results generally correlated to the Schmidt hammer rebound values (e.g., rock types with high rebound values also had high UCS values). Before utilizing the Schmidt hammer, we suggest users determine the final goal before selecting the Schmidt hammer and testing methodology; identify the rock type and potential discontinuities that can influence results; identify the bias in sample or site selection; and select the most applicable data reduction method for the identified goal.
The total size of the zip file is 195.2 KB. The .xlsx and .xls file types are Microsoft Excel files, which can be opened with Excel, and other free available spreadsheet software, such as OpenRefine.
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Content Notes:This dataset was used in the creation of two reports. These reports are “Hammer Time: Using the Schmidt Hammer to Improve the Forecasting Accuracy of the Rockfall Activity Index (RAI) (http://hdl.handle.net/1773/50996) and “A RAI of Data: Generalizing the Data-Driven Rockfall Activity Index (RAI) Based on Long-Term Observations of Well Characterized Slopes” (http://hdl.handle.net/1773/51001). While the data is the same, you can find an alternate copy of this data at DOI; https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DAUYRL. National Transportation Library (NTL) Curation Note: As this dataset is preserved in a repository outside U.S. DOT control, as allowed by the U.S. DOT’s Public Access Plan (https://doi.org/10.21949/1503647) Section 7.4.2 Data, the NTL staff has performed NO additional curation actions on this dataset. The current level of dataset documentation is the responsibility of the dataset creator. NTL staff last accessed this dataset at its repository URL on 2024-01-22. If, in the future, you have trouble accessing this dataset at the host repository, please email NTLDataCurator@dot.gov describing your problem. NTL staff will do its best to assist you at that time.
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