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Development of Specifications for Portland-Limestone Cement
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2019-01-31
[PDF-5.38 MB]
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Abstract:Sulfate attack can occur in concrete due to external sulfate ions reacting with hydrated cement paste. The sulfate attack resistance of portland-limestone cements (PLCs) has been questioned due to their high limestone content, which has the potential to initiate a rare type of sulfate attack that forms thaumasite. This research evaluates the performance of portland-limestone cements in sulfate prone environments by investigating changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of specimens. Mortar and paste specimens prepared by replacing Type I/II and Type V cement with 4.4, 10, 14.6 and 20 percent of calcitic and dolomitic limestone powders and fly ash are examined for their sulfate resistance. An accelerated cube test for measuring strength loss due to sulfate attack was developed using 33,800 ppm sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions at 5°C and 23°C. Results from this testing are compared to ASTM C1012 expansion measurements. The physical and chemical transformation in paste specimens are analyzed using visual observation, mass loss measurements, and X-ray diffraction.
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