Two-Dimensional Finite-Element Hydraulic Modeling of Bridge Crossings: Research Report
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1989-04-01
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Abstract:This report presents the results of a 6-year project, conducted by the US Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), to develop an accurate, efficient, easy-to-use finite-element surface-water flow model (FESWMS-2DH) for use in analyzing backwater and flow distribution at highway crossings of rivers and flood plains. When lateral variations in water-surface elevation and flow distribution are significant, a two-dimensional approach has advantages over a one-dimensional approach. The finite-element method is ideally suited to modeling two-dimensional flow over complex topography with spatially variable roughness and allows the user great flexibility in defining flow boundaries, channels, and embankments. A large number of alternative flow-equation formulations, interpolation and weighting functions, and schemes for solving the large systems of algebraic equations that arise in applying the finite-element method were tested during the project. Features added to FESWMS-2DH include weir flow (roadway overtopping), culvert flow, linear variation of Manning's n with depth, simple and accurate handling of lateral boundaries, automatic network generation and refinement, and extensive error checking. Sections of the report are devoted to the application of FESWMS-2DH to data from the Geological Survey's Flood Plain Simulation Facility, the use and calibration of FESWMS-2DH, and the use of the model by the highway industry
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