United States Department of Transportation
i
Traffic Maneuver Problems of Older Drivers: Final Technical Report
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1993-08-01
[PDF-4.90 MB]
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Abstract:This project includes a literature review and accident analysis that supported the hypothesis that age differences in motion perception capabilities represent a likely source of difficulty for specific traffic maneuver problems experienced by older drivers. A feasibility study was performed to evaluate the most appropriate apparatus for use in later driving simulation tests planned in this research. Two sets of experiments were subsequently conducted. In the first experiment, drivers in three age groups--18-55, 56-74, and 75+ years of age--estimated the time-to-collision (TTC) of an approaching vehicle, from both stationary and moving perspectives. The conflict vehicle approached at varying speeds, and was removed from the view of the test subject at varying times/distances relative to the subject. In the second experiment, drivers viewed a dynamic roadway scene containing an approaching conflict vehicle. The subject's task was to judge the "last safe moment to proceed" with a particular traffic maneuver in relation to the conflict vehicle, to determine a gap judgment measure. Both the TTC and the gap judgment measures were obtained under laboratory conditions using multiple stimulus presentation methodologies in a driving simulator. Limited controlled field validation data were also obtained for both types of dependent measures, using the same test sample. Recommendations for countermeasures to accommodate older driver difficulties with turning maneuvers at intersections were developed consistent with the results of these studies.
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