United States Department of Transportation
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Visibility and Comprehension of Pedestrian Traffic Signals
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1997-05-01
[PDF-1.07 MB]
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Abstract:Two studies were conducted to determine the visibility and comprehension of pedestrian signals. A video questionnaire was developed to study the comprehension of innovative and standard pedestrian crosswalk devices. Results indicated that green and red are interchangeable in meaning with white and orange, respectively. A red "slash man" appears to be a strong alternative to a symbolic orange hand. It was recommended that a three-phase pedestrian signal be considered that would incorporate the strengths of green, yellow, and red with innovative symbols. The study on the visibility of actual pedestrian signals determined that a minimum signal intensity of 25 cd is adequate for any pedestrian signal regardless of technology, distance, signal size, text, or symbol.
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