United States Department of Transportation
i
Optimizing Winter Roadway Treatments for Georgia Pavements
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2021-02-01
[PDF-3.19 MB]
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Edition:Final; Sep 2019 – Feb 2021
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Abstract:The purpose of this project is to optimize the current practice of winter roadway treatments in Georgia by evaluating the efficiency of deicers commonly used by GDOT (i.e., sodium chloride and calcium chloride) on deicing and anti-icing and the effects of these deicers on pavement materials. To this end, the freezing point, penetration capability, ice and snow melting capacity were investigated on five different combinations of deicers, i.e., a fixed 23% NaCl plus one of five various CaCl2 contents of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. The effects of the brines of the deicers on asphalt binders were evaluated by comparing the performance properties of the asphalt binders before and after soaking in the five brines for 7 and 28 days. The effects of the brines on the Portland cement concrete (PCC) and steel were evaluated on the strength of PCC cylinder samples after the samples were subjected to freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles in the brines and the surface conductivities. The results of the tests indicated, first, that the dose of CaCl2 lowered the freezing points quickly for a low dose up to 15 percent and slowly for 15–25 percent. The capability of brine penetration on ice depended on the temperature of the ice and the dose of CaCl2. There was no penetration at all when ice was at 5°F. The melting capacity of solid deicers on the ice and snow was consistent with the penetration capacity of the brines. Second, the changes in the performances of the G*/sin(δ), G*sin(δ) and stiffness, and m-value of asphalt binders when soaked varied with type of binder and dose of CaCl2, although most of the changes were positive. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that these changes were insignificant for the doses of CaCl2, but unmodified asphalt binders caused significant changes as compared with the modified asphalt binders. Third, increased dose of CaCl2 caused more damage on PPC cylinders, but a low dose of CaCl2 caused more F–T damage. A recommended material selection and application rate guideline is also provided.
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