A review of the literature for single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cardiovascular disease revealed about 30 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms. Individually, none is predictive for cardiovascular disease. Several authors combined some number of these single nucleotide polymorphisms into a genetic risk score modeled on the Framingham Risk Score that is based on traditional risk factors, including lipid profile, hypertension, age, family history, diabetes, and smoking status.
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the second leading cause of death worldwide, and is a primary cause of incapacitat...
Hearing loss is one of the most severe health effects of noise with 1.3 billion affected people worldwide (1). However, health effects of noise go far...
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