How do distracted and normal driving differ : an analysis of the ACAS naturalistic driving data
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2007-05-01
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Alternative Title:SAfety VEhicles using adaptive interface technology (SAVE-IT project) task 3C : performance
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Edition:1/05-5/07
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Abstract:To determine how distracted and normal driving differ, this report re-examines
driving performance data from the advanced collision avoidance system (ACAS) field
operational test (FOT), a naturalistic driving study (96 drivers, 136,792 miles).
In terms of overall driving performance statistics, distraction (defined as 4
successive video frames where the driver’s head was not oriented to the forward
scene) had almost no effect, except for decreasing mean throttle opening by 36% and
mean speed by 6%. No consistent normal/distracted differences were found in the
parameters that fit the distributions of steering wheel angle, heading, and speed (all
double exponential) and throttle opening (gamma) for each road type by driver age
combination.
In contrast, logistic regression identified other statistics and factors that
discriminated between normal and distracted driving. They included (a) turn signal
use and age group for expressways, (b) gender and if the lead vehicle range
exceeded 60 m for major roads, and (c) lane width, lane offset, and lead vehicle
velocity for minor roads.
Finally, in a supplemental analysis, throttle holds (1 - 4 s periods of essentially no
throttle change suggesting the driver may not be attending to driving) were actually
more common for normal driving when a single time window (1 s) by threshold change
combination (4 %) was selected. However, when settings (time windows of 1 – 4 s,
thresholds of 1 – 4 %) were tailored for each age group by road class combination,
throttle holds could identify when the driver was distracted.
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