United States Department of Transportation
i
Synthetic Vision Applied to General Aviation: An Evaluation of Pilot Performance and Preferences When Using Head-up, Head-down, and Head-mounted Synthetic Vision Displays for SA CAT I Approaches in Flat Terrain and Missed Approaches in Challenging Terrain
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2020-03-01
[PDF-1.80 MB]
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Abstract:Twenty instrument-rated General Aviation (GA) pilots completed SA CAT I approaches to KOKC and three localizer approaches to KASE followed by missed approaches across two phases of research in a high-performance single-engine GA flight simulator. The approaches were conducted in two levels of runway visual range (RVR) and with two decision heights (DH) using three display platforms (Phase 1, head-up and head-down; Phase 2, head-up and head-mounted) presenting Synthetic Vision (SV). It was determined that a lower DH led to significantly more completed approaches while a higher DH was more likely to cause pilots to execute missed approaches. RVR was not a significant factor for those values examined. SV was determined to be most beneficial for missed approaches in challenging (mountainous) terrain, but not as much of a factor on the initial approach. Evaluations of cross-track and glide-slope RMS error for the approaches to KOKC did not show a reliable differentiation between display conditions, nor was there any consistent operationally significant difference between touchdown points. Pilots uniformly believed that they could successfully and comfortably complete approaches in lower visibilities if SV equipped (either display platform) as compared with a Primary Flight Display (PFD) without SV or with round-dial instrumentation.
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