United States Department of Transportation
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Edition:Final – Oct 2019-Feb 2020
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Abstract:UDOT launched its HOT lane program on I-15 in 2010 and it currently covers 72 miles of I-15. The program charges tolls to drivers of Single-Occupant Vehicles (SOVs) using the HOV lanes as Express Lanes while high-occupancy vehicles use the lanes for free. There are 32 HOT lane agencies in the US and, to date, all of them, including UDOT, rely on state Highway Patrols to enforce occupancy through visual means. Nationwide, HOT lane violations range from 25-40% and violations in Utah are observed to be increasing. Companies are developing two leading technologies for determining vehicle occupancy: 1) camera-based systems; 2) smartphone app-based systems. This report is a scan of US HOT lane agencies considering new technologies for enforcing occupancy requirements. Camera-based systems have been deployed on the Verrazano Narrows Bridge (NYC) and are being planned for SR92 and I-405 in Orange County, CA and for I-10/I-110 in Los Angeles County. Recent field tests of camera-based systems conducted in the Bay Area concluded, “the relatively low system accuracy rates … suggest the technology is not ready for … a full-scale deployment…” The Dallas-Fort Worth MPO has contracted with Carma for implementing an app-based system for occupancy declaration. UDOT is piloting a smartphone-based occupancy declaration system in 2020. Long-term technologies for occupancy detection include the continued improvement of camera-based and app-based systems, and V2X communication of occupancy which may be linked to emerging connected vehicle technologies or part of road usage charging programs.
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