Determination of frontal offset test conditions based on crash data
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1998-01-01
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Abstract:This paper reports on the test procedure development
phase of the agency’s Improved Frontal Protection
research program. It is anticipated that even after all cars
and light trucks have air bags for drivers and front seat
passengers there will remain over 8,000 fatalities a year
and over 100,000 moderate to severe injuries. This
research program will address these injuries/fatalities
through development of crash tests with impact
conditions not currently addressed by FMVSS No. 208,
development of additional or more appropriate
instrumentation and injury criteria on the test surrogate,
and evaluation of other sizes of test surrogates.
An analysis of crash data is presented using the
National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) and the
Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for fatality
counts. The population is drivers in frontal collisions
with air bag restraints. Using NASS, frontal impact
modes are grouped into general "test" conditions which
will best represent the real world impact environment.
These general test conditions include full barrier, left and
right offset, and other impact modes. Using these general
groupings of impact conditions, the analysis further
assesses degree of overlap and impact direction to
determine more specifically which crash conditions result
in highest injury/fatality to drivers with air bags.
Injury/fatality risk is also assessed by driver size and
body region, with a more detailed analysis of leg injuries.
Finally, a preliminary benefits analysis is presented for a
future frontal, left, offset test procedure.
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