United States Department of Transportation
i
Pre-Crash Scenario Characteristics of Motorcycle Crashes for Crash Avoidance Research
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2020-04-01
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[PDF-2.81 MB]
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Edition:Final 2016-2018
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Abstract:This report defines the motorcycle crash problem based on national crash statistics using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and General Estimates System (GES) crash databases. Motorcycles include two- and three-wheeled motorcycles, mopeds, off-road motorcycles, mini-bikes, motor scooters, and pocket motorcycles. Crashes included in this study (from the FARS and GES databases) were those having at least one motorcycle involved in the critical event of the crash. This report identifies and prioritizes pre-crash scenarios based on annual harm measures. In addition, this report characterizes the priority pre-crash scenarios by vehicle role and statistical descriptions, and depicts these scenarios in terms of general kinematic equations. Pre-crash scenarios are defined and grouped based on similar motorcycle-vehicle dynamics for all crashes, and are prioritized based on fatal crash frequency, police-reported crash frequency, and comprehensive costs. Priority pre-crash scenarios include control loss, road departure, left turn across path, lane change, opposite direction, rear-end, and crossing paths crashes. The priority pre-crash scenarios are also characterized in terms of environmental conditions, vehicle role, road geometry, and other contributing factors; and are depicted in terms of the time-to-collision kinematic equations that describe the aspects of each priority pre-crash scenario. These depictions help to provide a basis to identify the information needs required for motorcycle crash avoidance applications.
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