United States Department of Transportation
i
Haptic Warning Characteristics for V2V Safety Applications
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2020-03-01
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[PDF-10.44 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:We examined three characteristics of haptic cues from a vibrotactile seat interface (intensity, inter-pulse interval, and directional information), each at five levels, and a baseline/no-alert condition. One hundred eighty participants in good general health with no previous experience with a connected vehicle (CV) crash warning experienced a lateral collision event in an urban intersection with an intersection movement assist (IMA) CV warning. Each participant experienced only one haptic cue in the potential collision situation during one drive. Participants also completed a drive during which they subjectively evaluated all the haptic cues for category (notification, alert, or warning), the direction of threat (left, right, front, back, none), and an urgency rating (not urgent to very urgent). Drivers perceived the haptic cues with lower intensity (frequency) to be notifications, and higher intensities to be warnings. Vibration of the whole seat pan was perceived as more urgent than haptic cues that were presented in patterns where the vibration moved across the seat or cues were located on only one side of the seat. Vibration of the whole seat pan was not perceived as indicating a direction of threat. Drivers did perceive some haptic cue patterns to indicate different threat directions: vibrating only the left side of the seat indicated a threat to the left, vibration moving from front to rear on the seat indicated a threat to the front, and vibration moving from the right to left indicated a threat to the right. The driver’s first response to the haptic cue were faster at 30 Hz depending on level of intensity, than other levels and intensity that may influence driver perception of haptic cues more than inter-pulse interval. Differences in driver classification of haptic cues as alerts or warnings, higher perceived urgency, or direction of threat did not translate into differences in the nature and speed of responses, nor the outcomes of the scenario.
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