United States Department of Transportation
i
Design and Evaluation of Steel Bridges for Fatigue and Fracture – Reference Manual
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2016-12-01
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[PDF-13.74 MB]
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Abstract:This Manual explains the relevant issues related to fatigue and fracture in steel bridges, including analysis, design, evaluation, repair, and retrofit. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to fatigue and fracture, as well as an introduction to the Reference Manual. Chapter 2 begins with a discussion of cracking in steel structures, including crack behavior, sources of discontinuities in steel structures, the nature of stresses affecting fatigue and fracture, and brittle and ductile behavior in steel. Chapter 3 provides the basics of fracture mechanics, covering such topics as fracture control, evaluation of fatigue cracking, and fracture mechanics as a quantitative tool. Chapter 4 describes fatigue behavior, including discontinuities and stress concentrations, the influence of production and fabrication on fatigue, testing as the basis for design limits, and environmental effects. Chapter 5 describes analysis for fatigue, and it provides information for both approximate and refined analysis methods, including local-stress analysis. Chapter 6 addresses the fatigue design approach as presented in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications, and it explains the fundamental fatigue limit state equation, the various AASHTO fatigue detail categories, the differences between finite life and infinite life, and the computation of fatigue stress range and factored nominal resistance, including a step-by-step design example for fatigue. Chapter 7 describes fracture control, including design, fabrication, and inspection, and it covers such topics as redundancy, constraint-induced fracture, and the Total Fracture Control Plan. Chapter 8 addresses the AASHTO fatigue-evaluation approach, including remaining fatigue life evaluation, estimates of fatigue life based on the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation, and remaining fatigue life for “negative remaining life” bridge details. Chapter 9 describes assessment, repair, and retrofit of structures, and it provides a description of several common fatigue details, general repair and retrofit strategies, as well as constraint-induced fracture, over-height vehicle collisions, and fitness-for-service analysis. Finally, Chapter 10 covers non-welded components such as built-up members, bolts and rods, and reinforcement of concrete. In addition, Appendix A describes fatigue calibration based on the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Project R19B.
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