United States Department of Transportation
i
Fresh Air Content Test Methods and Analysis of Hardened Air Content in Wisconsin Pavements [Research Brief]
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2019-04-01
[PDF-221.96 KB]
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Abstract:Concrete pavements in cold climates suffer from freeze-thaw deterioration. Entrained air void systems, miniscule pockets of air created during concrete mixing, mitigate freeze-thaw damage by providing reservoirs for water to expand as it freezes and by suctioning water from surrounding mesopores to reduce pressure within the concrete. Air entraining admixtures (AEA), such as neutralized vinsol resin (NVR) and synthetic alternatives, are added to concrete mixtures to stabilize air bubbles during mixing and ensure a proper entrained air void system develops in the hardened concrete. Typical air content required for concrete in wet freeze-thaw environments is five to seven percent by volume. Lower volumes can result in reduced performance and lifespan; however, higher volumes can significantly reduce compressive strength. This narrow window of acceptable volume makes accurate measurements of air voids in fresh concrete critical, but current methods often return inconsistent results. The objective of this research was to determine if disparities in air content exist between use of synthetic and neutralized vinsol resin (NVR) air entraining admixtures (AEA).
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