United States Department of Transportation
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TRIS Online Accession Number:01080142
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Abstract:Integral abutment bridges are becoming widely accepted for new construction of short to medium length highway bridges of limited skew. Although they offer an economic alternative to the use of bearings, integral abutments present their own unique challenges. One area of concern is the development of passive pressures behind the abutment due to the cyclic loading of the soil during thermal movement of the superstructure. The challenge of the present work is to present to the engineering community the best estimate of the passive pressures behind the abutment. To meet the challenge, the authors review both the classic earth pressure theories and the more recent displacement-dependent theories used to describe the development of passive pressures. The information is compared to 1) the soil-pressure data obtained from the Scotch-Road Integral Abutment Bridge that was instrumented by the Stevens Institute of Technology; 2) additional data on two full-scale tests that were obtained from the literature; and 3) data from laboratory tests found in the literature. Finally, the authors suggest two K sub p factors that should be used for the calculation of passive pressures behind a cyclically moving abutment. For relatively short bridges, the NCHRP curve for dense sand can be used. For longer bridges that experience large enough displacements to guarantee the applicability of the classic earth pressure theories, a Rankine pressure for dense sands was found adequate. For either case, a linear distribution of pressure is suggested.
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