From a series of laboratory tests run in a cold room with a full-size test wheel, it has been demonstrated that the skid resistance of ice surfaces treated with anti-skid sands can be increased significantly by heating the sand prior to application. The tests included a trafficking period between sand application and skid testing, and therefore approximated conditiosn likely to be met in the field. Three aspects of the tests which may cause differences to occur between the measured test results and field expeience are: (1) the sand was thoroughly washed and dried before application, (2) ice thickness was large compared to the size of the stones, and (3) the sands were applied by hand at slow speed and little heat was lost from the stones between leaving the container and coming to rest on the ice surface. The highest application temperatures (180 deg F) used in the tests gave the best performance for all sand grades at all ice temperatures. Large grade sands tend to be the most effective at ice temperatures below 0 deg F. (Author)
This study is a pragmatic attempt to quantify salt related damage to vehicles and bridge decks in the Anchorage area and to examine possible means of ...
Expenditures for winter maintenance materials total nearly $20 million annually. During an average winter ODOT uses approximately 666,000 tons of rock...
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