United States Department of Transportation
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Simulator Evaluation of Low-Cost Safety Improvements on Rural Two-Lane Undivided Roads: Nighttime Delineation for Curves and Traffic Calming for Small Towns
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2010-02-01
[PDF-1020.75 KB]
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Alternative Title:Simulator Evaluation of Low-Cost Safety Improvements on Rural Two-Lane Undivided Roads: Nighttime Delineation of Curves and Traffic Calming for Small Towns
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TRIS Online Accession Number:01156672
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Edition:Final Report January 2007–October 2009
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Abstract:This experiment was sponsored by the Low Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study. It focused on two areas: (1) advanced detection and speed reduction for curves in rural two-lane roads at night and (2) traffic calming for small rural towns during the day. The experiment was conducted in the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Highway Driving Simulator (HDS). Speed reduction in curves yielded the following order of tested treatments (from best to worst): (1) post-mounted delineators (PMDs) enhanced by streaming light-emitting diode (LED) lights slowed drivers down the most (9 mi/h (14.5 km/h)); (2) standard PMDs slowed drivers down by 7 to 8 mi/h (11.3 to 12.9 km/h); and (3) edge lines slowed drivers down by 2 mi/h (3.2 km/h). The same order was obtained for increases in the distance at which drivers were able to identify either the direction or the severity of the curve ahead as follows: streaming LED PMDs increased detection distance the most (560 to 1,065 ft (171 to 325 m)); standard PMDs increased detection distance by 45 to 200 ft (13.7 to 61 m); and edge lines increased detection distance by zero to 25 ft (zero to 7.6 m). PMDs performed better than pavement markings. The streaming PMDs solution offered the greatest potential increase in recognition distance. Speed reduction in towns yielded the following order of tested treatments: (1) chicanes slowed drivers down the most by 4 to 9 mi/h (6.4 to 14.5 km/h); (2) parked cars on both sides of the road slowed drivers 4 mi/h (6.4 km/h); and (3) bulb-outs resulted in only a small speed reduction of 1 mi/h (1.6 km/h) or none at all. In the case of towns, two low-cost safety solutions are worthy of further study: (1) adding painted chicanes to town entrances and (2) providing for and encouraging parking in the town. The results of this experiment do not take into account other hazardous factors that exist in the real world. Therefore, field validation is recommended for most of the above findings.
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