United States Department of Transportation
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Traffic Monitoring and Management
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2016-08-01
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[PDF-2.24 MB]
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Edition:Final Report
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Abstract:With recent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) policy changes and test site designations, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or “Drones” have gained attention among the public and private sectors. Practical applications such as facility inspection, mapping, surveillance, delivery, etc. have been intensively tested. Overt the last decade, UAV applications in transportation engineering have included experiments with traffic surveillance, infrastructure monitoring, and roadway incident management. Most have focused on transmitting on-site video footage to traffic management centers so traffic operators can monitor congestion, coordinate incident response crews, or collect traffic data in areas without CCTV surveillance systems. In this study, the main focus is to explore the feasibility of using UAV to accelerate the site surveying at major traffic accidents, a major delaying event in incident management. We developed a prototype UAV system that can be rapidly deployed in the field for video based site surveying and 3D reconstruction of accident sites. The hardware system includes UAVs equipped with high-frequency GPS sensor, high-resolution camera, HD transmitter and ground station for communication and data collection. The software components include the mission control, planning software, and photogrammetry 3D reconstruction tools. The prototype system was tested at an orchestrated accident site and the developed 3D models that yield promising potentials for further development. The test results reveal factors such as shooting altitude and angle, glares on smooth surfaces, Geo-tagging of photo snapshots, and GPS signals have major impacts on the scanning results. These impacts need to be addressed efficiently to ensure the quality of the constructed model.
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