United States Department of Transportation
i
Best practices of using shotcrete for wall fascia and slope stabilization (phase 1 study)
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2017-06-01
[PDF-5.58 MB]
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Abstract:Shotcrete has become attractive and holds potential to replace cast-in-place (CIP) concrete for elements like retaining walls and slope stabilization. However, this practice is still limited due to concerns of drying shrinkage cracking, long-term durability, and debonding from reinforcing bars or existing structures. To provide best practices of shotcrete for wall fascia and slope stabilization, a comprehensive review on the state of knowledge of shotcrete is first provided. A desirable shotcrete mixture and a CIP concrete mixture from WSDOT benchmarks are tested for their basic mechanical properties, early age shrinkage, and long-term durability performance. The restrained ring test procedures adopted from AASHTO T334 are identified to be capable of evaluating early age shrinkage cracking tendency of shotcrete, and the fracture energy test procedures based on three-point bending beam are considered to be more sensitive than the dynamic modulus of elasticity test in screening degradation effect of materials under rapidly repeated freezing and thawing action. Prolonged watering provide best practices to mitigate shrinkage cracking. In comparison with CIP concrete, the “before shooting” shotcrete mixture studied in Phase I exhibits better early age shrinkage resistance as well as long-term freeze-thaw resistance. The Phase II study will be conducted for evaluating “after shooting” shotcrete and their early age shrinkage and long term durability performance.
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