Better concrete mixes for rapid repair in Wisconsin.
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2017-04-01
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Abstract:With the increasing demands on the highway system and increasing costs of user delay, the use and development of rapid-repairtechniques are expected to grow rapidly. High early strength (HES) portland cement concrete can help reduce the duration oftraffic closures while being cost-competitive with other solutions such as concrete using proprietary cements and precast concrete.This research investigated the performance of HES portland cement concrete used for pavement repairs through multipleapproaches. Thirteen mixtures were made and tested in the laboratory for strength, drying shrinkage, and scaling resistance. A fieldreview of 12 recent rapid-repair pavement projects in Wisconsin was conducted to evaluate field performance of the pavements.An informal survey of Wisconsin concrete suppliers was conducted to obtain information on mix design, challenges, andapproaches to rapid repair of pavement. Life-cycle cost analysis was conducted for pavement repairs using cost data assumed to berepresentative of the lab tested mixtures and precast concrete. The field review showed no significant durability issues except forone project where severe scaling occurred. Concrete using portland cement with calcium chloride accelerator can surpassWisDOT compressive strength requirements of 3000 psi in 8 hours and have satisfactory scaling resistance. Concrete using a non-chloride accelerator had excellent scaling resistance, slightly higher shrinkage than non-accelerator concrete, and may be a goodalternative to calcium chloride when the strength requirement of 3000 psi can be extended to within 10 hours. Overall it appearsthat durability issues that occurred in rapid-repair pavements are more likely due to difficulties associated with construction or mixprocedures than the WisDOT specifications. To ease these difficulties, the use of dry calcium chloride may be considered if it canbe mixed uniformly with the concrete. An upper slump limit specifically for rapid-repair concrete would provide flexibility andmay be higher than that for conventional concrete.
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