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Engineering properties of marls.

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    The term  “marl”  is used to designate soft,  carbonate‐rich, fine‐grained soils, which pose  concerns related to both settlement  and 

    stability. Despite the prevalence of marls in Indiana and the concerns associated with their behavior, very limited work has been done to 

    study the engineering properties of these soils. This was the motivation for this research project, which involved two primary activities: 

    a) the creation of a map and database of existing information on marl deposits in Indiana; and b) an in‐depth characterization of the 

    properties of a marl deposit in Daviess County, which was considered representative of similar deposits encountered in Indiana. 

    The marl database was generated using ArcGIS 10.0.from information available at the INDOT, and involved mining data from over 

    five thousand boreholes. 

    The second part of the project involved field tests (seismic cone penetration tests, standard penetration tests, field vane shear 

    tests),  and  laboratory  experiments  (index  tests,  incremental  and  constant rate  of strain  consolidation  tests,  and  K0‐consolidated 

    undrained triaxial tests) conducted on high quality Shelby tubes samples. Additionally, the mineralogy and the microstructure of the soil 

    were studied in detail. 

    The laboratory tests reveal that the deposit was not homogeneous as was initially anticipated, but was, instead, formed by two 

    types of soils that repeat in horizontal thin layers. These two soils, referred to as ‘soil M’ and ‘soil C’, are both characterized by very high 

    calcium carbonate contents but show distinct index and engineering properties, that may be ascribed to differences in mineralogy and 

    composition. This stratification is not detected by the field tests. 

    The consolidation tests show that the deposit has an OCR less than 2 and compressibility parameters markedly dependent on 

    stress level, as typical of sensitive soils. K0‐consolidated undrained compression triaxial tests show that both soils exhibit normalized 

    behavior,  and that the relationship between strength  and stress history  is well described by the  SHANSEP equation (although the 

    SHANSEP parameters differ for the two soils). 

    Comparison of the field data and laboratory results provides the means to validate published correlations for interpretation of the 

    geotechnical properties of marls from field results. For the site examined, correlations to estimate shear wave velocity, stress history, 

    and undrained strength from CPT results are identified. Implementation recommendations are provided for soil identification, sampling 

    and specimen preparation, interpretation of filed data, and preliminary design.

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