Road weather severity based on environmental energy.
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2015-06-01
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Abstract:Effective and efficient removal of snow and ice from public roadways is a key outcome for winter road maintenance operations. This outcome depends on ; the severity of the wintry weather as well as the quality and quantity of resources used to treat the roadways. Wintry weather conditions vary ; substantially from hour‐to‐hour, storm‐to‐storm, and season‐to‐season. Many different transportation departments have used empirical statistical ; models and machine learning methods based upon weather parameters to develop indices to estimate the severity of winter weather. Many of these ; previous studies used summary statistics, such as the number of days with certain events (snowfall, freezing rain, frost), to provide a seasonal index of ; winter severity. While summarizing the winter severity for the entire season is quite useful, providing information over shorter time periods will allow for ; more precise evaluation of maintenance performance during a winter season. A winter weather severity index has been developed that can be used to ; evaluate the performance of winter weather maintenance. This project involves the development of a physically‐based analysis of winter severity, using ; estimates of the hourly rate of deposition of new snow/ice and the energy required melt it. The “Road Weather Severity Based on Environmental Energy” ; (RWSBEE) index can be considered an accumulation of energy, beyond that which is available from the environment, needed to melt snow/ice that has ; been deposited on the road surface on an hourly basis. The energy not provided by the environment that would be required to melt new snow can be ; thought of as a measure of the work required to remove the new snow from the road surface. We expect that RWSBEE will provide a clearer ; understanding of the severity of the weather, allowing INDOT to better evaluate their performance, assist with after‐action review of recent storms, and ; improve the reaction to future weather events. Measurable improvements in the winter maintenance decision‐making process are expected as a result. ; ; Winter weather conditions that occur across different regions vary substantially from hour‐to‐hour, storm‐to‐storm, and season‐to‐season. The methods ; of road maintenance for fighting snow and ice can also vary between different maintenance units. It is important for organizations that perform road ; maintenance to be able to quantify the severity of the winter weather conditions, for purposes of monitoring, planning, and evaluating their ; performance. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) currently uses estimates of winter weather hours to quantify the severity of winter ; weather. The definition of a “weather hour” is fairly straightforward: any hour when wintry precipitation (snow, ice pellets, freezing rain) is falling with air ; temperatures below 35 °F. While this definition is reasonable, it does not take into account numerous factors that can strongly affect road conditions and ; subsequent efforts needed for road treatment, such as: precipitation rate, wind speed, and availability of sunshine. Consequently, INDOT has determined ; that the information provided by the weather hour estimates result in wide variations in roadway treatment expenses across Indiana. In order to more ; accurately and effectively evaluate the performance of winter maintenance, it is important to have detailed data related to winter weather conditions ; that provide useful information regarding the impact of winter weather on road conditions. State‐of‐the‐art weather information can provide a clearer ; understanding of the severity of the weather, allowing INDOT to better evaluate their performance, assist with after‐action review of recent storms, and ; improve the reaction to future weather events.
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Main Document Checksum:urn:sha256:82fc9e04858a1b46ce6c06b7abc0c80d79608e60f3ae0ed5f2400ebf1475d65c