Increasing bridge deck service life, volume II -- economic evaluation.
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2014-12-01
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Abstract:Deterioration of bridge decks is a primary factor limiting the lifespan of bridges especially in cold climates where deicing salts are commonly used. ; While controlling deck cracking or decreasing the permeability and porosity of concrete can improve performance and service life, chloride and ; moisture ingress as well as cracking cannot be eliminated. Full‐depth cracks which are caused by restrained shrinkage allow for corrosive ; conditions at early ages for both the top and bottom reinforcement mats. Therefore, the use of corrosion‐resistant reinforcement is essential to ; mitigate deterioration of bridge decks. The objective of this research program to examine the efficacy of using alternative materials in a bridge ; deck from both technical and economic perspectives. For the technical evaluation (Volume 1), a three phase experimental investigation was ; conducted considering a wide range of corrosion‐resistant reinforcing materials. These materials included stainless steels, microcomposite steel, ; and coated steels considering a variety of metallic and nonmetallic coatings. The first phase evaluated the bond between corrosion‐resistant ; reinforcement and concrete using lap splice tests. The second phase evaluated the cracking behavior of slabs reinforced with corrosion‐resistant ; reinforcement. Finally, the third phase evaluated corrosion resistance under uncracked and cracked conditions using macrocell test specimens. ; Transverse steel was also tied to the longitudinal steel to simulate actual bridge deck conditions. Recommendations are provided on ; development and splice lengths for both conventional black and corrosion‐resistant reinforcing steel, control of cracks widths, as well as the ; selection, design, and construction of corrosion‐resistant reinforcement. For the economic evaluation (Volume 2), a decision support ; methodology and associated spreadsheet tool for robust analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of alternative material types for bridge deck ; reinforcement was developed. The two evaluation criteria are agency and user costs, and the input data that influence this criteria include the ; deck service life, material process, discount rate, detour length, and bridge size. The methodology incorporates analytical techniques that include ; life cycle analyses to evaluate the long‐term cost and benefits of each material over the bridge life; Monte Carlo simulation to account for the ; probabilistic nature of the input variables; stochastic dominance to ascertain the probability distribution of the outcome that a specific ; reinforcement material is superior to others; and analytical hierarchical process to establish appropriate weights for the agency and user costs. ; The study methodology is demonstrated using a case study involving three reinforcement material alternatives: traditional (epoxy‐coated) steel, ; zinc‐clad steel, and stainless steel. Through this study, it is demonstrated that the use of corrosion‐resistant reinforcing materials can significantly ; increase bridge deck life, reduce agency and user costs associated with bridge deck rehabilitation and maintenance, and thus lower the financial ; needs for long‐term preservation of bridges
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Main Document Checksum:urn:sha256:826b3e015435044ca1050f11deb37722c7d81777b327da175bd414fc20c4fd3a