United States Department of Transportation
i
Evaluation of aggregate subgrade materials used as pavement subgrade/granular subbase.
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2015-07-01
[PDF-12.28 MB]
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Abstract:With recent focus on sustainable construction practices and the ever-increasing transportation costs and scarcity of
natural resources, integration of large-size and marginally acceptable aggregates and recycled materials (e.g.,
reclaimed asphalt pavement [RAP]) with current construction specifications is becoming imperative. As an incentive,
the Illinois Department of Transportation has been using large-size rocks, popularly known as aggregate subgrade.
However, adequate scientific knowledge about material performance is largely unknown. To this end, a research
study was undertaken at the Illinois Center for Transportation to evaluate the adequacy and field performances of
IDOT’s new aggregate subgrade specifications. A state-of-the-art image analysis technique was used to characterize
the size and shape as well as the texture and angularity properties of selected aggregate subgrade materials. For
field evaluation, 24 combinations of pavements were constructed over subgrade with controlled low immediate
bearing value (IBV) or unsoaked California bearing ratio (CBR) strength properties. Construction quality control was
achieved through in-place density and modulus measurements on aggregate layers using a nuclear gauge,
lightweight deflectometer, and soil stiffness gauges. Periodic rut measurements were carried out on the pavement
surface throughout the accelerated loading process using an Accelerated Transportation Loading Assembly
(ATLAS). Contributions of the underlying pavement layers to the total rut accumulation were evaluated through
innovative applications of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a lightweight variable-energy penetrometer device, known
as the PANDA, and a geo-endoscopy probe. Layer intermixing and material migration at the aggregate subgrade–
subgrade interface improved the foundation layer stiffness properties and pavement performance results
significantly. RAP-capped construction platforms consistently exhibited a higher magnitude of rutting. Performances
of flexible pavement sections were governed by the as-constructed HMA thicknesses, which varied considerably
during the paver operation because of RAP subbase sinkage and the weak subgrade. Adequate validation and
potential revisions to current IDOT specifications were recommended.
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