United States Department of Transportation
i
Impact of transportation demand management (TDM) elements on managed lanes toll prices.
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2015-03-01
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Abstract:This research involved a simulation comparing three days of actual traffic data for the I-95 Express
Lanes and General Purpose Lanes in Miami, Florida to a hypothetical scenario where all transportation
demand management (TDM) activities and toll exemptions were eliminated. The purpose of the
research was to quantify the extent to which carpooling, vanpooling, and transit usage contribute to
better traffic flow in the I-95 corridor. The express lane analysis revealed a slight degradation in level of
service (LOS) and a moderate increase in tolls in the southbound direction (+$0.41). It revealed a slight
improvement in LOS and a slight decrease in tolls in the northbound direction (-$0.19). A phenomenon
that occurred was that a large number of inherently low emission vehicles (ILEVs), which are toll
exempt, opted out of the express lanes in the hypothetical scenario. The increase in express lane volume
from former carpoolers, vanpoolers, and transit riders reverting to single occupant status was often
offset by even larger volumes of ILEVs leaving the express lanes. Although the traffic impact to the
express lanes was mild, the impact to the general purpose lanes was more severe. In the hypothetical
scenario, the general purpose lanes operated at LOS F 22 percent more of time in the southbound
direction and 8 percent more of the time in the northbound direction. Furthermore, the traffic densities
in the general purpose lanes increased 100 percent of the time in the southbound direction and 94
percent of the time in the northbound direction.
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