Compatibility of cementitious materials and admixtures.
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2012-10-01
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Abstract:Growing demand for creating more sustainable and durable concretes lead to the increased usage of various cementitious materials and ; chemical admixtures in the mixtures. However, the increased usage of these components resulted in more complex mixtures that ; sometimes cause unexpected incompatibility problems. This report summarizes the results of the investigation of the parameters that ; may lead to workability problems, early age hydration irregularities and difficulties in achieving quality air void system in both plain and ; fly ash cementitious mixtures. The present research work was performed in three major phases and the statistical modeling was used to ; aid in interpretation. ; Phase I involved evaluation of more than 100 different paste and mortar mixtures with respect to potential slump loss and hydration ; irregularities. The results showed that cements with high C3A and low SO3 content were more prone to incompatibility problems. It was ; also observed that mixes with lignin based water reducing agent (WRA) had higher tendency for rapid stiffening than mixes with ; polycarboxylate type superplasticizer (PCSP). Increased replacement of cement by class C ashes resulted in the development of ; abnormal secondary peaks in semi‐adiabatic calorimetry curves and accelerated the setting behavior. ; The focus of phase II was on identifying material combinations that can result in problems related to air void generation and stability. ; The experiments were conducted on 18 different systems and included determination of foam drainage and foam index parameters. ; The results show that the amount of air entrainers required to obtain target air percentage, increased with the increase in the fly ash ; content in the mixture. Lignin based WRA had, in general, a higher air entraining effect than the super‐plasticizer when used in ; combination with air entrainers. Also, five out of the six mixtures with most unstable air void system, identified using the foam drainage ; experiments, contained the PCSP. ; The third (and final) phase of the study involved production of 10 concrete mixtures to verify the incompatibility findings from the ; paste and mortar experiments performed in phases I and II. The observations from the concrete testing were in agreement with the ; findings from the paste and mortar testing. ; Statistical modeling (performed using the material properties and results from phase I) identified the total C3A, SO3 and Na2Oequ ; contents of the binder system along with dosage of PCSP (if present in the mixture) as statistically significant in predicting the initial set ; time and area of spread (measured using the mini‐slump test).
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Main Document Checksum:urn:sha256:24201e27d02ff1012506a81ae7bfa8f7ccc125a48d3bcd801790757279e48a98