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Reduction of bridge construction and maintenance costs through coupled geotechnical and structural design of integral abutment bridges.

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  • Abstract:
    Elimination expansion joints in the superstructure of integral abutment bridges offers the advantage of reducing the initial and life cycle 

    costs of the structure. However, such  elimination may have  an  adverse  effect on the displacement demand  at the pile‐abutment 

    connection and on the earth pressures on the abutment wall due to the thermal expansion/contraction cycles of the bridge. These 

    adverse effects have resulted in regulations that impose restrictions on the maximum length and skew angle of integral abutment 

    bridges.  This  research  consisted  of  a  deep  analysis  of  the  problem  by  considering soil‐structure  interaction.  The  approach  was 

    multifaceted as it included experimental and numerical analysis. Upon calibration and verification of the constitutive model, it was used 

    as part of a parametric analysis to provide recommendations for the design limits of integral abutment bridges. 

    The analysis results showed that active state earth pressure is reached after the first contraction cycle. The displacement demand on 

    piles is a function of the abutment wall displacement. Larger displacement demand of the pile at the acute corner when compared to 

    the obtuse corner was observed during expansion and contraction cycles. The inflection point of the piles deformed shape was found to 

    be  at relatively shallow depth. Concrete shrinkage  and sequence of  loading affected significantly the displacement demand of the 

    supporting piles, lower displacement demand of piles during the expansion cycle and larger displacement demand during contraction 

    cycles. The analysis showed that a 500 ft bridge with 60° skew will provide acceptable long term performance.

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