United States Department of Transportation
i
Aggregate freeze-thaw testing and d-cracking field performance : 30 years later.
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2014-09-01
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Abstract:Premature deterioration of concrete pavement due to D-cracking has been a problem in Kansas since the 1930s. Kansas
geology includes mineable limestone coarse aggregates with variable durability in the eastern portion of the state. Due
to this variability and historically poor D-cracking field performance, the Kansas DOT initiated intensive identification
and tracking of individual mined beds, as well as frequent durability testing during production in the 1980s. D-cracking field performance of concrete pavements containing limestone coarse aggregates was investigated in 2010-
2012. Results of this investigation indicate that the rate of D-cracking decreased, but the minimum rate of D-cracking
presence in concrete pavements is more than 30%.
In reaction to these results, KDOT implemented changes aimed at mitigating the risk of D-cracking. Implementation
actions included increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles for aggregate in concrete prisms from 300 to 660 cycles,
freeze-thaw testing of all aggregate types (not just limestone) in concrete, focusing aggregate sampling at the point of
concrete production, and including an “acceptable field-performance history” criterion for concrete aggregates.
Ongoing research is being conducted to develop new methods to identify durable aggregates and faster testing
techniques.
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