United States Department of Transportation
i
Designing highway facilities to encourage walking, biking and transit.
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2009-03-01
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Abstract:As outlined in Caltrans’ October 2, 2008, Deputy Directive 64-R1 (DD-64-R1), “Complete Streets—Integrating the
Transportation System,” Caltrans is committed to addressing the safety and mobility needs of bicyclists, pedestrians
and transit users in its highway facility designs. In addition, a team within Caltrans was charged in late October 2008
with updating the Highway Design Manual (HDM) “to better communicate design guidance on bicycle, pedestrian,
and transit user needs into its text.” However, Caltrans needs more information on the impacts that design—or
specific design strategies—may have on travelers’ decisions to choose biking, walking and transit travel modes. This
information will enable the department to focus on the most effective strategies.
Caltrans staff proposed a research project aimed at documenting the “mode shifting” effects of particular highway
design approaches; that is, increasing walking, biking and transit use. To support this proposed research project, we
reviewed recent research, national guidance and related efforts of other state departments of transportation to
determine:
• What state and federal standards exist for designing highways, streets and transit facilities (e.g., transit
plazas) to encourage walking, biking and transit use?
• What research is available or still needed to document the impacts of design changes on mode shifting and
safety?
• What facility design features (and related factors) are most effective at encouraging higher levels of
walking, biking and transit use?
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