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Alternative Title:Hydrodynamic Regimes and Structures in Weir Baffled Culverts and Their Influence on Juvenile Salmon Passage
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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine what hydraulic characteristics enhance or diminish
upstream juvenile salmon passage within a sloped-weir baffled culvert. The culvert slope, baffle
spacing, and baffle height were varied to observe flow regime trends that describe conditions suitable
for fish passage. Biological testing was conducted in conjunction with the hydraulic micro-Acoustic
Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) measurements. There was considerable spatial variability in the flow
created by the sloped baffles within the culvert. The asymmetry of flow (As) decreased for increasing
discharge, larger baffle spacing and smaller baffle heights. To describe the flow features essential to fish
passage, the interrelation between flow asymmetry, depth, and velocity were presented in comparison
with biological testing. For the range of parameters tested, flows were described by a series of three jet
regimes which were a function of water depth over baffles. Comparing these regimes to the biological
study revealed peak juvenile salmon passage was associated with a critical transition between jet
regimes. Generalizing this transition for the entire data set using dimensionless scales provides
professionals with guidance for retrofitting culverts.
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