Electrical testing of cement-based materials : role of testing techniques, sample conditioning, and accelerated curing.
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2013-11-01
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Abstract:These projects examined the potential for using electrical testing on concrete as a potential surrogate for obtaining information on ion ; and fluid transport. Electrical measurements are particularly attractive for use in quality control as they are easy to perform, are ; performed rapidly, and can be directly related to fluid transport. This work describes how electrical resistance measurements should be ; corrected for geometry to obtain a geometry independent resistivity or conductivity. Further, this work reviews and discusses several ; factors that influence the resistivity that is measured including porosity, pore connectivity, the role of temperature on degree of ; hydration (activation energy), temperature effects on conduction, ionic leaching, and the role of temperature and leaching on porosity. ; The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the main factors that should be considered when conducting electrical property ; testing, when using electrical properties for quality control/quality assurance, or if using these materials for acceptance. As a part of this ; project a series of testing devices were purchased and provided to the INDOT district testing labs for the purpose of providing training ; and providing information on the variability associated with testing. A round robin study has shown that a coefficient of variation of 4.36 ; % was obtained leading to a within laboratory precision of 12.8 % and a multi‐laboratory precision of 36.0 %. This work has shown that ; temperature can dramatically influence the resistivity. The work has shown that in general for a standard 100 mm x 200 mm test ; cylinder, the ratio of surface resistivity to uniaxial resistivity, specifically the factor k ̂2 discussed in Section 5.1, is 1.9 for a homogenous ; material; however if the material is heterogeneous (due to drying or leaching) this value changes. This project has also illustrated the ; importance of ionic leaching. It was shown that accelerated curing requires temperature correction as well as control of ionic leaching. A ; direct correlation is discussed between electrical resistivity and the rapid chloride permeability test. At the current time, resistivity tests ; show promise in a quality control program, as a method of monitoring the variation associated with production. If used in this way, a ; trial batch could be used to develop target values, similar to that which is currently done with the maturity method. It is anticipated that ; an agency could eventually have the potential to use resistivity for mixture qualification; however, additional work is needed to correlate ; the resistivity with performance or service life models.
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Main Document Checksum:urn:sha256:359d93b831a62d411f2fbfe14ff4bcb666b86071c84385c1198431a451593831