Radwan, E. (2013). Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary] (Report No. BDK78-977-15). Florida. Dept. of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889
Radwan, Essam. Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary]. Report no. BDK78-977-15. Florida. Dept. of Transportation, 2013. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889.
Radwan, Essam Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary]. Florida. Dept. of Transportation, 2013, Report no. BDK78-977-15, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889.
Traffic engineers use various left-turn signalization
;
methods to find an optimal balance of safety and
;
efficiency. While protected/permitted left-turn
;
configurations allow most left-turning traffic to
;
turn during the protected phase, the permitted
;
phase exploits the efficiency of using available
;
gaps in oncoming traffic to facilitate additional
;
left turns. In many cases, concerns arise with left
;
turning traffic patterns during certain times of
;
day, such as school arrival and dismissal. When
;
such concerns arise, engineers have changed from
;
protected/permitted phasing to protected-only
;
by changing the signal displays. Historically, this
;
change required physical replacement of overhead
;
signal displays and was essentially a permanent
;
change, even though it may only be needed a few
;
hours per day. The four-section display with a
;
flashing yellow arrow overcomes this limitation.
Radwan, E. (2013). Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary] (Report No. BDK78-977-15). Florida. Dept. of Transportation. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889
Radwan, Essam. Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary]. Report no. BDK78-977-15. Florida. Dept. of Transportation, 2013. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889.
Radwan, Essam Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary]. Florida. Dept. of Transportation, 2013, Report no. BDK78-977-15, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/26889.
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