D-cracking field performance of Portland cement concrete pavements containing limestone in Kansas : phase 1 report.
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2012-05-01
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Edition:Final report; Apr. 2009¿Jan. 2012.
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Abstract:Premature deterioration of concrete pavement due to D-Cracking has been a problem in Kansas since the 1930s.
Limestone is the major source of coarse aggregate in eastern Kansas where the majority of the concrete pavements are
constructed. D-Cracking field performance was investigated to determine whether aggregate freeze-thaw durability
specifications implemented in the 1980s have reduced materials-related failures to an acceptable level.
The results indicate that the failure rate has decreased, but not to an acceptable level. Limestone source material
appears to be the dominant parameter affecting D-Cracking, while other design parameters, such as base type, joint
sealant type, joint spacing, and joint orientation do not appear to significantly affect the presence of D-Cracking.
Subsidiary aggregate-related reaction mechanisms were observed at locations with surface D-Cracking likely due to
the increased amount of water penetration. The subsidiary reactions generally do not appear to be present at locations
away from the D-Cracking.
Kansas Department of Transportation policies (any actions, requirements, or decisions) that affect the risk of DCracking
were reviewed. Recommendations included implementation of field performance criteria for aggregate
material sources, improvement and unification of quarry monitoring and sampling procedures, to perform life-cycle
cost analyses for various aggregate materials in concrete, and future monitoring of quarry field performance.
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