United States Department of Transportation
i
Reducing cement content in concrete mixtures : [research brief].
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2011-12-01
[PDF-749.72 KB]
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Alternative Title:Reduction of minimum required weight of cementitious materials in WisDOT concrete mixes
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Abstract:Concrete mixtures contain crushed rock or gravel, and sand, bound together by Portland cement in combination with supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs), which harden through a chemical reaction with water. Portland cement is the most costly component of concrete mixtures, and its production creates significant amounts of green house gases. To reduce costs and environmental impacts, current WisDOT practice allows a for replacement of a portion of Portland cement supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) such as coal fly ash or slag cement, both industrial by-products of coal and iron production, respectively.
WisDOT has set a maximum limit on Portland cement replacement through use of SCMs to ensure its performance on concrete pavements. Therefore, the only opportunity to reduce the usage of Portland cement is to lower the required cementitious materials content for WisDOT approved mix designs. The potential benefits in terms of economic costs and environmental impacts are significant, however decreasing the cementitious materials content of a mixture too drastically can reduce pavement strength and durability. It can also reduce workability, or the ease with which a mixture can be compacted and placed during construction.
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