Laboratory evaluation of warm mix asphalt.
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2011-09-14
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Abstract:"Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) has been traditionally produced at a discharge temperature of between
280°F (138°C) and 320° F (160°C), resulting in high energy (fuel) costs and generation of greenhouse
gases. The goal for Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is to use existing HMA plants and specifications to
produce quality dense graded mixtures at significantly lower temperatures. Europeans are using WMA
technologies that allow the mixture to be placed at temperatures as low as 250°F (121°C). It is reported
that energy savings on the order of 30%, with a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions of 30%, are
realized when WMA is used compared to conventional HMA. Although numerous studies have been
conducted on WMA, only limited laboratory experiments are available and most of the current WMA
laboratory test results are inconsistent and not compatible with field performance The main objectives of
this study are: The main objectives of this study are: 1) review and synthesize information on the
available WMA technologies; 2) measure the complex/dynamic modulus of WMA and the control
mixtures (HMA) for comparison purpose and for use in mechanistic-empirical (ME) design comparison;
3) assess the rutting and fatigue potential of WMA mixtures; and 4) provide recommendation for the
proper WMA for use in Michigan considering the aggregate, binder, and climatic factors. The testing
results indicated that most of the WMA has higher fatigue life and TSR which indicated WMA has better
fatigue cracking and moisture damage resistant; however, the rutting potential of most of the WMA
tested were higher than the control HMA. In addition, the WMA design framework was developed based
on the testing results, and presented in this study to allow contractors and state agencies to successfully
design WMA around the state of Michigan."
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