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Design of piles for integral abutment bridges.
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1984-08-01
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[PDF-4.44 MB]
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Abstract:More and more, integral abutment bridges are being used in place
of the more traditional bridge designs with expansion releases. In
this study, states which use integral abutment bridges were surveyed
to determine their current practice in the design of these structures.
To study piles in integral abutment bridges, a finite element program
for the soil-pile system was developed (1) with materially and
geometrically nonlinear, two and three-dimensional beam elements and
(2) with a nonlinear, Winkler soil model with vertical, horizontal, and
pile tip springs. The model was verified by comparison to several
analytical and experimental examples.
A simplified design model for analyzing piles in integral abutment
bridges is also presented. This model grew from previous analytic2l
models and observations of pile behavior. The design model correctly
describes the essential behavioral characteristics of the pile and
conservatively predicts the vertical load-carrying capacity.
Analytical examples are to illustrate the effects of
lateral displacements on the ultimate load capacity of a pile. These
examples include friction and end-bearing piles; steel, concrete, and
timber piles; and bending about the weak, strong, and 4S0 axes for
H piles. The effects of cyclic loading are shown for skewed and nonskewed
bridges. The results show that the capacity of friction piles
is not significantly affected by lateral displacements, but the
capacity of end-bearing piles is reduced. Further results show that
the longitudinal expansion of the bridge can introduce a vertical preload
on the pile.
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