Identification and stabilization methods for problematic silt soils : a laboratory evaluation of modification and stabilization additives.
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2003-07-01
By McManis, K.
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Abstract:The instability and pumping response of non-plastic, high silt (and fine sand) soils was investigated. Common reagents, i.e., lime, lime-fly ash, Portland cement, and slag cement were included as admixtures with three high silt (and fine sand) soils. A series of laboratory tests simulated the moisture and loading conditions for 1) subgrade construction operations and 2) longer term, in service support of the completed pavement. Comparisons were based on the performance of mixtures with equal material costs. The improvements were found to vary with the reagent’s character, the mix proportion, and the role required, i.e., construction aid (modification) or in service performance (stabilization).
The reagents act as a drying agent during construction but, for the percentages used, produced only a small reduction in the original moisture content of the natural soil and only small increases in the plastic or cohesive character. For initial moisture contents up to +4 percent wet of optimum, smaller levels of reagents were sufficient to retard or eliminate deformation under low cyclic loads but extremely wet soils (4 to 8 percent of optimum) required larger volumes of reagents.
For long term stability and greater increases in strength, the cements followed by the lime-fly-ash produced the best results. Stabilization mixtures with reagents producing cementicious products (Portland cement) reduced the sensitivity of the soil to moisture changes.
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