Low-Dose Alcohol Effects on Human Behavior and Performance: A Review of Post 1984 Research

Holloway, Frank A.; University of Oklahoma. Health Sciences Center; Civil Aeromedical Institute

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Low-Dose Alcohol Effects on Human Behavior and Performance: A Review of Post 1984 Research

1994-11-01
By Holloway, Frank A.

[PDF-2.79 MB]

English

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Details:

Creators:

Holloway, Frank A.
Corporate Creators:

University of Oklahoma. Health Sciences Center ; Civil Aeromedical Institute

University of Oklahoma. Health Sciences Center ; Civil Aeromedical Institute Less -
Corporate Contributors:

United States. Office of Aviation Medicine
Subject/TRT Terms:

[+]

Alcohol--Physiological Effect Alcohol Effects Behavior Blood Alcohol Blood Alcohol Levels Dosage Drinking Of Alcoholic Beverages--Psychological Aspects Flight Simulators Human Behavior Literature Reviews Performance Physiological Aspects Psychological Aspects
Publication/ Report Number:

DOT/FAA/AM-94/24
Resource Type:

Tech Report
Geographical Coverage:

United States
Corporate Publisher:

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Abstract:

The purpose of this review was to survey the literature examining alcohol effects on human behavior and performance, especially low alcohol dose effects. Other comprehensive reviews on this topic from 1975 to 1990 found that alcohol could affect all classes of performance, but that the kinds of performance most sensitive to low dose effects depended on: (a) the analysis of skills or abilities (selective attention), (b) the kind of task (divided attention tasks), (c) task characteristics (multiple tasks with high demand and/or complexity), and (d) categories of alcohol effects (negative subjective effects and controlled performance).

This review examined 155 empirical studies dating from 1985 to mid-1993, using the alcohol effect schema of Kruger, and reached several general conclusions that were largely in agreement with previous reviews on this topic. First, sensitivity to the subjective intoxicating effects of alcohol was greater than that for all other performance classes and appeared to display a "threshold" with respect to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), rather than the linear relation evident in performance data. Second, sensitivity to performance impairment in "controlled" performance and simulator tasks was greater than that for psychophysical functions or "automatic" performance. Finally, a variety of task-, subject-, and environmental- characteristics or conditions were found to mediate the magnitude and sensitivity to alcohol effects, particularly at lower doses.

This review concluded that, since alcohol sensitivity can vary from time to time, person to person and situation to situation, the setting of a "safe" BAC will always be arbitrary, being based on a low. but non-zero. incidence of effects below that level.
Format:

PDF
Collection(s):

FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute US Transportation Collection
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:4125c4895e2b1595923f8602622109d4e874108e97169a28a2ac83b31a5d1c5a
Download URL:

https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/21422/dot_21422_DS1.pdf
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Low-Dose Alcohol Effects on Human Behavior and Performance: A Review of Post 1984 Research

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