Development of new injury risk curves for the knee/distal femur and the hip for use in frontal impact testing.
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2009-06-01
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Abstract:This report describes how new injury risk curves for the knee/distal femur and the hip were
developed through reanalyses of existing peak knee impact force data. New hip injury risk
curves were developed using survival analysis with a lognormal distribution. This distribution
was parameterized to account for the effect of stature, which was the only subject characteristic
that had a statistically significant effect on the relationship between peak force applied to the hip
and the risk of hip fracture. The empirically defined effects of hip flexion and abduction from a
standardized seated driving posture on mean hip fracture force were also incorporated into the
lognormal distribution as mean shifts. Injury risk curves for the midsize male crash test dummy
were defined by applying the stature associated with this dummy and posture of 30° flexion and
15° abduction from a standard reference posture and the standard reference posture (0°flexion,
0° adduction) to the lognormal distribution.
A new risk curve describing the relationship between peak force applied at the knee and the
likelihood of knee/distal femur fracture was developed by applying survival analysis to an
existing dataset in which there was uncensored, left censored, and right censored peak knee
impact force data. This risk curve is similar to that currently used by the NHTSA to assess the
risk of AIS 2+ KTH injury. Because the fracture forces in the dataset used to develop the new
knee/distal femur risk curve were primarily from tests where rigid surfaces loaded the knees of
elderly midsize male cadavers, the new risk curve only applies to rigid knee impacts and this
segment of the occupant population. Future work should focus on developing knee/distal femur
risk curves that apply to other segments of the driving population by characterizing and
accounting for the effects of subject factors and impact surface rigidity on KTH fracture forces.
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