Gomez-Ibanez, J. (2009). Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report (Report No. 5249129-01). New England University Transportation Center. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805
Gomez-Ibanez, Jose. Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report. Report no. 5249129-01. New England University Transportation Center, 2009. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805.
Gomez-Ibanez, Jose Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report. New England University Transportation Center, 2009, Report no. 5249129-01, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805.
This study compares the experience of the freight railroads in North America, Europe and
;
Australia with required access. Europe and Australia have pursued very different network access
;
strategies than the United States and Canada. Both the European Commission (EC) and the
;
Australian government have required network operators to open their tracks to independent train
;
companies providing many different kinds of services, and the EU has also required the
;
incumbent railroads to divide their infrastructure and train operations into separate companies.
;
In the United States and Canada, by contrast, the freight railroads remain vertically integrated in
;
that each railroad operates most of the trains that travel over its tracks. Only roughly 20 percent
;
of the track is open to another railroad and as much as 80 percent of that access is the result of
;
voluntary exchanges between railroads rather than government compulsion.
Gomez-Ibanez, J. (2009). Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report (Report No. 5249129-01). New England University Transportation Center. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805
Gomez-Ibanez, Jose. Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report. Report no. 5249129-01. New England University Transportation Center, 2009. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805.
Gomez-Ibanez, Jose Open access for freight railroads : worthwhile or wasteful disruption, final report. New England University Transportation Center, 2009, Report no. 5249129-01, ROSA P. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16805.
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