The measurement and theory of tire friction on contaminated surfaces
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The measurement and theory of tire friction on contaminated surfaces

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  • English
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    • Resource Type:
      Proceedings
    • Corporate Publisher:
      Iowa State University
    • Abstract:
      In the past five years there has been an International Experiment to Harmonize Friction Measurement by the World Road Association (PIARC) and within the past three years there have been at least four separate studies on winter friction, a five year joint winter runway program between NASA, FAA, Transport Canada (TC), the Canadian National Research Council (NRC), the Norwegian Civil Aviation Administration (NCAA) and the French Civil Aviation Administration; a study by the Norwegian Road Administration with Norsemeter; a study by Minnesota DOT and the Concept Highway Maintenance Vehicle Study by the Iowa Center for Transportation. In addition to these studies there are standards under development: an International Friction Index (for wet pavements) and an International Runway Friction Index (for winter operation). This paper summarizes the results of these various studies. In the case of wet pavements, we now know that the tire first determines the friction slip characteristics until the peak is reached and then beyond the peak the pavement's ability to drain the water determines the speed gradient. When the tire makes contact with the pavement the tire is the sacrificed part of the friction pair; however, on ice and snow the opposite is true and the ice or snow is the sacrificed part of the friction pair. Thus the peak friction that is developed depends on the shear strength of the sacrificed part. With these studies complete, the highway and aviation communities will be better able to measure friction on contaminated pavements.
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