Numerous waste materials result from manufacturing operations, service industries, sewage treatment plants, households and mining. Legislation has been enacted by several states in recent years to either mandate the use of some waste materials or to examine the feasibility of such usage. The hot mix asphalt (HMA) industry has been pressured in recent years to incorporate a wide variety of waste materials into HMA pavements. This has raised the following legitimate concerns: (a) engineering concerns such as effect on the engineering properties (for example, strength and durability), impact on production, and future recyclability; (b) environmental concerns such as emissions, fumes, odor, leaching, and handling and processing procedures; and (c) economic concerns such as life cycle costs, salvage value, and lack of monetary incentives. The waste materials can broadly be categorized as follows: (a) industrial wastes such as cellulose wastes, wood lignins, bottom ash and fly ash; (b) municipal/domestic wastes such as incinerator residue, scrap rubber, waste glass and roofing shingles; and (c) mining wastes such as coal mine refuse. A general overview of these waste materials, including the research work done in the past and their potential for use in HMA pavements, is given in this paper.
Thin-lift hot mix asphalt (HMA) layers are utilized in almost every maintenance and rehabilitation application. These mix types require smaller maximu...
Workability in the field can be defined as a property that describes the ease with which hot mix asphalt (HMA) can be placed, worked by hand and compa...
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