Defining Human-Centered System Issues for Verifying and Validating Air Traffic Control Systems
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Defining Human-Centered System Issues for Verifying and Validating Air Traffic Control Systems

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English
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  • Creators:
    Harwood, Kelly
  • Corporate Creators:
    CTA Incorporated
  • Subject/TRT Terms:
  • DOI:
  • Resource Type:
    Tech Report
  • NTL Classification:
    NTL-AVIATION-Air Traffic Control
  • Abstract:
    Over the past 40 years, the application of automation to the U.S. air traffic

    control (ATC) system has grown enormously to meet significant increases in air

    traffic volume. The next ten years will witness a dramatic overhaul of computer

    hardware and software in enroute and terminal facilities to accommodate future

    growth in air traffic activities. From a human factors perspective, notable

    changes are the new controller workstations or sector-suites which will provide

    such new features as adjustable consoles, graphic situation displays, and

    electronic flight strips. This modernization will provide the basis for

    introducing automated functions that will transition the controller from

    tactical control to strategic traffic management. The U.S. Federal Aviation

    Administration (FAA) recognizes the importance of an effective human-system

    interface to successful operations (Kloster and Zellweger, 1987). Because

    various phases of test and evaluation are just around the corner for these new

    system upgrades, questions arise concerning what aspects of the human system

    component must be addressed to verify system safety and efficiency. Such

    questions are not trivial. They strike at the heart of the "omnipresent

    criterion problem: (Christensen, 1958), that is, the difficulty of defining

    criterion measures for verifying and validating complex systems.

    This paper first discusses the criterion problem, focusing on the unique

    constraints within ATC. The central argument is that before criteria and

    measures can be specified, human-centered issues associated with ATC technology

    upgrades must be carefully determined. An approach is discussed for disclosing

    such issues drawing on techniques and philosophies from traditional human

    factors engineering, cognitive systems engineering, and ethnography. The

    approach is illustrated for the Center Terminal Automation System (CTAS), a set

    of automation tools, currently under development and evaluation by NASA-Ames in

    partnership with the FAA. CTAS will assist air traffic personnel in managing

    arrival traffic flow in the center and terminal environments.

    To appear in J. Wise, V.D. Hopkin, and P. Stager (Eds.), Verification and validation of complex and integrated human machine systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1993).

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