Defining Human-Centered System Issues for Verifying and Validating Air Traffic Control Systems
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Defining Human-Centered System Issues for Verifying and Validating Air Traffic Control Systems

Filetype[PDF-151.92 KB]


  • English
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    Details:

    • Creators:
      Harwood, Kelly
    • Corporate Creators:
      CTA Incorporated
    • Subject/TRT Terms:
    • DOI:
    • Resource Type:
      Tech Report
    • NTL Classification:
      NTL-AVIATION-Air Traffic Control
    • Abstract:
      Over the past 40 years, the application of automation to the U.S. air traffic

      control (ATC) system has grown enormously to meet significant increases in air

      traffic volume. The next ten years will witness a dramatic overhaul of computer

      hardware and software in enroute and terminal facilities to accommodate future

      growth in air traffic activities. From a human factors perspective, notable

      changes are the new controller workstations or sector-suites which will provide

      such new features as adjustable consoles, graphic situation displays, and

      electronic flight strips. This modernization will provide the basis for

      introducing automated functions that will transition the controller from

      tactical control to strategic traffic management. The U.S. Federal Aviation

      Administration (FAA) recognizes the importance of an effective human-system

      interface to successful operations (Kloster and Zellweger, 1987). Because

      various phases of test and evaluation are just around the corner for these new

      system upgrades, questions arise concerning what aspects of the human system

      component must be addressed to verify system safety and efficiency. Such

      questions are not trivial. They strike at the heart of the "omnipresent

      criterion problem: (Christensen, 1958), that is, the difficulty of defining

      criterion measures for verifying and validating complex systems.

      This paper first discusses the criterion problem, focusing on the unique

      constraints within ATC. The central argument is that before criteria and

      measures can be specified, human-centered issues associated with ATC technology

      upgrades must be carefully determined. An approach is discussed for disclosing

      such issues drawing on techniques and philosophies from traditional human

      factors engineering, cognitive systems engineering, and ethnography. The

      approach is illustrated for the Center Terminal Automation System (CTAS), a set

      of automation tools, currently under development and evaluation by NASA-Ames in

      partnership with the FAA. CTAS will assist air traffic personnel in managing

      arrival traffic flow in the center and terminal environments.

      To appear in J. Wise, V.D. Hopkin, and P. Stager (Eds.), Verification and validation of complex and integrated human machine systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1993).

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