Attentional Issues with Superimposed Symbology: Formats for Scene-Linked Displays
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1995-01-01
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NTL Classification:NTL-AVIATION-Aviation Human Factors
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Abstract:The head-up display (HUD) has been shown to be a superior presentation method
for flight path symbology over that of traditional flight director. Recent
studies, however, have shown that there are specific performance problems
associated with HUDs. During simulated landing with superimposed HUD symbology,
pilots took 2.5 seconds longer to respond to an unexpected runway incursion
when the symbology was presented head-up than when head-down. This extends and
replicates previous research showing that superimposed HUD symbology may lead to
attentional tunneling and inefficient processing of the out-the-window scene.
In operational usage, superimposed symbology on a HUD is mostly presented at a
fixed, specific location on the HUD combiner, while the world scene behind it
pitches, yaws, and rolls in response to aircraft motion. McCann, Lynch, Foyle
and Johnston (1993) measured the time it takes to switch between the world
scene and the superimposed HUD symbology. They found that differential motion
between the superimposed HUD symbology and the out-the-window scene led to
increased attentional switching time, and concluded that this differential
motion may be the primary driver behind attentional tunneling. If the primary
cause of attentional tunneling is differential motion between the HUD symbology
and the world, then removing the differential motion cues should minimize the
attentional tunneling problem. One design option that achieves this goal is to
replace conventional HUD symbols with virtual symbols that appear to be
physically part of the world. Although rendered in graphics on the HUD, these
"scene-linked" symbols are drawn, and move, as virtual objects in the
out-the-window scene. As the aircraft moves through the world, the
scene-linked symbols undergo the positional visual transformations as real
objects. There are no differential motion cues to cause the visual system to
interpret the virtual symbols as separate from the world. In the absence of
these cues, attentional tunneling should be prevented, enhancing the ability
to process scene-linked HUD symbology in parallel with real-world information.
6p.
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