United States Department of Transportation
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Techniques for Developing Child Dummy Protection Reference Values. Event Report
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1996-10-01
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[PDF-1.38 MB]
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TRIS Online Accession Number:00819638
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NTL Classification:NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Highway Safety;NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Accidents;NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Human Factors;NTL-SAFETY AND SECURITY-Vehicle Design;NTL-REFERENCES AND DIRECTORIES-Statistics;
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Abstract:The purpose of this report is to present background information and techniques
for developing protection reference values (PRV) to use with child dummies in
out-of-position (OOP) child/air bag interaction testing. Biomechanics experts
agree that OOP PRV in the literature should not apply to frontal belt-restrained
child occupants (using child restraints or belts). However, given the very
limited amount of data available, all sources of information were used to
extract child injury PRV. This report summarizes the literature on injury
criteria and protection reference values as it pertains to children. As the
first part of the background section, child anatomy and physiology are examined
with respect to impact. Epidemiology on the types of injuries that children
receive in automotive accidents is also reviewed. In addition, data on how
human tissue mechanical properties vary with age are presented. The
characteristics and capabilities of different child dummies are documented as
well. The next section asseses injury and PRV development techniques. A
literature review on how these techniques have been applied to children follows.
Data from regular test programs using child dummies are included for comparison.
The last sections employ different scaling techniques to estimate PRV for child
dummies. These, together with values from the literature survey, are summarized
and presented as proposed reference values. 87p.
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