United States Department of Transportation
i
Crash avoidance needs and countermeasure profiles for safety applications based on light-vehicle-to-pedestrian communications
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2016-08-01
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[PDF-1.89 MB]
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Edition:Final report
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Abstract:This research supports establishing an updated understanding of the pedestrian crash problem and defining a way to connect the crash problem with vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication crash avoidance technology. It describes 5 priority pre-crash scenarios that might be addressed by V2P communications. Priority scenarios are:
1. Vehicle going straight and pedestrian crossing the road
2. Vehicle going straight and pedestrian in the road
3. Vehicle going straight and the pedestrian adjacent to the road
4. Vehicle turning left and the pedestrian crossing the road
5. Vehicle turning right and the pedestrian crossing the road
The focus is on vehicle-pedestrian crashes involving light vehicles (passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck) with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less. The 2011-2012 General Estimates System (GES) and Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) crash databases were used to quantify the societal cost and describe the driving environment, driver- and pedestrian- characteristics, and crash contributing factors. These priority scenarios account for 79 percent of all target pedestrian crashes and 91 percent of the fatal target pedestrian crashes. Target pedestrian crashes include a light vehicle striking a pedestrian in the first event of the crash. The highest frequencies of pedestrian crashes (GES) occur in scenarios
where the pedestrian is crossing the road. The majority of fatalities (FARS) involved vehicles that were going straight (i.e., not turning or making a maneuver). Kinematic depictions for the time-to-collision and avoidance maneuvers are presented to identify information needs for the crash countermeasures based on V2P technology. This information serves the development of functional requirements, performance specifications, test procedures, and benefits estimation for potential V2P-based safety ups currently researching and prototyping different V2P-based safety systems to help determine which ones are most useful in preventing or mitigating pedestrian-vehicle crashes.
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